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Elder Futhark
This is the oldest known and complete runic alphabet. It was used in ancient Germania until Christianization, and the forced imposition of the Latin alphabet on the native Germanic peoples.
Elder Futhark is divided into three groups known as ættir, and Old Norse word meaning “family” and “generation”. The three sets of runes have different shared attributes1).
Freyr and Freyja's Ætt
By different interpretations, this ætt can represent the physical world, fertility, wealth, and the body.
| Name | Other Names | Rune | Unicode | Phonetics | Symbol(s) | Color(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ansuzplugin-autotooltip__default plugin-autotooltip_bigAnsuz The Rune Site on the Elder Futhark Ansuz: The Rune Site on the Gothic Ansus, Aza: | Ansuz, Ansus, Aza, A | ᚨ | 16A8 | "aa" as in "aah" | mouth, divine breath, humanity's divine origin | purple |
| Fehuplugin-autotooltip__default plugin-autotooltip_bigFehu The Rune Site on the Elder Futhark Fehu: “” It's important to note that in pre-Christian northern Europe, usury and credit didn't really exist as practical concepts. The Germanics were generous by nature, and preferred to give, rather than to loan. In this context, ᚠ symbolizes true wealth - not money and credit, but family, land, and the means to self-sufficiency. | Fehu, Fehum, Fe, Feoh, Fé, Faihu, F | ᚠ | 16A0 | "f" | cattle, wealth, prosperity, well-being | green, brown |
| Geboplugin-autotooltip__default plugin-autotooltip_bigGebo The Rune Site on the Elder Futhark Gebo: The Rune Site on the Gothic Giba, Gewa: | Gebo, Gibor, Giba, Gewa | ᚷ | 16B7 | hard "g" | gift, generosity | gold, silver, red |
| Kenazplugin-autotooltip__default plugin-autotooltip_bigKenaz The Rune Site on the Elder Futhark Kenaz: The Rune Site on the Gothic Kusma, Chosma: | Kenaz, Kuzma, Chosma | ᚲ | 16B2 | "k", hard "c" | torch, knowledge | yellow |
| Raidhoplugin-autotooltip__default plugin-autotooltip_bigRaidho The Rune Site on the Elder Futhark Raidho: “” The Rune Site on the Younger Futhark Raeidh, Reið: The Rune Site on the Gothic Raida, Reda: “” | Raidho, Raeidh, Rit, Reið, Raida, Reda, R | ᚱ | 16B1 | "r" | wheel, travel, motion | blue, black |
| Thurisazplugin-autotooltip__default plugin-autotooltip_bigThurisaz The Rune Site on the Elder Futhark Thurisaz: The Rune Site on the Younger Futhark Thurs, Þurs: The Rune Site on the Gothic Thauris, Thyth: | Thurisaz, Thurs, Þurs, Dorn, Thauris, Thyth | ᚦ | 16A6 | "th" | thorn, giant | white |
| Uruzplugin-autotooltip__default plugin-autotooltip_bigUruz The Rune Site on the Elder Futhark Uruz: Fehu The Rune Site on the Younger Futhark Ur, Úrr: The Rune Site on the Gothic Urus, Uruz: | Uruz, Ur, Úrr, Urus, U | ᚢ | 16A2 | "oo"; "u", "o", "y", "W" | auroch, light rain, strength | orange, dark green |
| Wunjoplugin-autotooltip__default plugin-autotooltip_bigWunjo The Rune Site on the Elder Futhark Wunjo: The Rune Site on the Gothic Winja, Winne: ætt | Wunjo, Winja, Winne | ᚹ | 16B9 | "w", "v" | joy | pink, blue |
Heimdall and Mordgud's Ætt
By different interpretations, this ætt can represent the unconscious world, the underworld, change, and the mind.
| Name | Other Names | Rune | Unicode | Phonetics | Symbol(s) | Color(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Eihwazplugin-autotooltip__default plugin-autotooltip_bigEihwaz The Rune Site on the Elder Futhark Eihwaz: The Rune Site on the Gothic Aihs, Waer: | Eihwaz, Iwaz, Eoh, Aihs, Waer | ᛇ | 16C7 | "eo", "ĕ" | yew, yew staff | white, green |
| Elhazplugin-autotooltip__default plugin-autotooltip_bigElhaz The Rune Site on the Elder Futhark Elhaz: The Rune Site on the Gothic Algs, Ezec: | Elhaz, Algiz, Eholhx, Algs, Ezec | ᛉ | 16C9 | "zz" like "buzz" | elk, protection | black, purple |
| Hagalazplugin-autotooltip__default plugin-autotooltip_bigHagalaz From The Rune Site: | Hagalaz, H | ᚺ | 16BA | "h" | hail, hailstone | blue, white |
| Isaplugin-autotooltip__default plugin-autotooltip_bigIsa The Rune Site on the Elder Futhark Isa: The Rune Site on the Younger Futhark Iss: The Rune Site on the Gothic: | Isa, Isaz, Is, Issm Eis, Ilz, I | ᛁ | 16C1 | "i", "ē", soft "j" like "y", "ie" like "piece" | ice, icicle | brown, black |
| Jeraplugin-autotooltip__default plugin-autotooltip_bigJera The Rune Site on the Elder Futhark Jera: ---------- See also: Jer | Jera, Jeran, J | ᛃ | 16C3 | soft "j" like "y" | harvest, year, season | brown |
| Naudhizplugin-autotooltip__default plugin-autotooltip_bigNaudhiz The Rune Site on the Elder Futhark Naudhiz: The Rune Site on the Younger Futhark Naudhr, Nauð: The Rune Site on the Gothic Nauths, Noics: | Naudhiz, Naudhr, Not, Nyd, Naud, Nauð, Nauths, Noics, N | ᚾ | 16BE | "n" | necessity, need, distress | black, blue |
| Perdhroplugin-autotooltip__default plugin-autotooltip_bigPerdhro The Rune Site on the Elder Futhark Perdhro: The Rune Site on the Gothic Pairthra, Pertra: | Perdhro, Pertho, Peorth, Pairthra, Pertra, P | ᛈ | 16C8 | "p" | dice cup, pot, womb | blue, red |
| Sowiloplugin-autotooltip__default plugin-autotooltip_bigSowilo The Rune Site on the Elder Futhark Sowulo: ---------- See also: Sol | Sowilo, Sowulo | ᛊ | 16CA | "s" | sun, sunlight | yellow |
Tyr and Ziza's Ætt
By different interpretations, this ætt can represent the spiritual world, the afterlife, and the soul.
| Name | Other Names | Rune | Unicode | Phonetics | Symbol(s) | Color(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Berkanaplugin-autotooltip__default plugin-autotooltip_bigBerkana From The Rune Site on the Elder Futhark Berkana: The Rune Site on the Younger Futhark Bjarkan: The Rune Site on the Gothic Baírkana, Bern: | Berkana, Berkanan, Beorc, Bjarkan, Bar, Baírkana, Bern, B | ᛒ | 16D2 | "b"; "p", "v", "mb", "mp" | birch tree, birch twig, birth, regeneration | white, blue |
| Dagazplugin-autotooltip__default plugin-autotooltip_bigDagaz The Rune Site on the Elder Futhark Dagaz: The Rune Site on the Gothic Dags, Daz: “” | Dagaz, Daeg, Dags, Daz | ᛞ | 16DE | "d" | daytime | yellow |
| Ehwazplugin-autotooltip__default plugin-autotooltip_bigEhwaz The Rune Site on the Elder Futhark Ehwaz: The Rune Site on the Gothic Egeiz, Eyz: | Ehwaz, Eh, Egeiz, Eyz | ᛖ | 16D6 | "ē", "ĕ" | horse | red, white |
| Inguzplugin-autotooltip__default plugin-autotooltip_bigInguz From The Rune Site: | Inguz, Ing | ᛝ | 16DD | "ng" like "long" | fertility | brown, black |
| Laguzplugin-autotooltip__default plugin-autotooltip_bigLaguz The Rune Site on the Elder Futhark Laguz: “” The Rune Site on the Younger Futhark Lögr: “” The Rune Site on the Gothic Lagus, Laaz: | Laguz, Lagu, Logr, Laukaz, Laf, Lögr, Lagus, Laaz, L | ᛚ | 16DA | "l" | water, lake | black, white, green |
| Mannazplugin-autotooltip__default plugin-autotooltip_bigMannaz The Rune Site on the Elder Futhark Mannaz: The Rune Site on the Gothic Mannaz, Manna: ---------- See also: Madhr | Mannaz, Manna, M | ᛗ | 16D7 | "m" | humanity, mankind, human nature | blue, purple |
| Othalaplugin-autotooltip__default plugin-autotooltip_bigOthala The Rune Site on the Elder Futhark Othala: Fehu The Rune Site on the Gothic Othal, Utal: | Othala, Othal, Odal, Utal | ᛟ | 16DF | "o" like "old" | homeland, ancestral land, family land | copper, brown |
| Teiwazplugin-autotooltip__default plugin-autotooltip_bigTeiwaz The Rune Site on the Elder Futhark Teiwaz: “” The Rune Site on the Younger Futhark Týr: The Rune Site on the Gothic Teiws, Tyz: | Teiwaz, Tiwaz, Tir, Tyr, Týr, Teiws, Tyz, T | ᛏ | 16CF | "t"; "d", "nt", "nd" | creator, god Týr, victory | green, red |
1)
Source: Pagan Grimoire